Is the Internet a US invention?—an economic and technological history of computer networking     

David C. Mowery  Timothy Simcoe 《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

Although the inventions embodied in the Internet originated in a diverse set of industrial economies, the US was consistently the source of critical innovations and an early adopter of new applications. Why did other nations, including several that made important inventive contributions to the Internet, not play a larger role in its development, particularly in the creation of new business organizations, governance institutions, and applications? We argue that the role of the US “national innovation system” in the creation of the Internet echoes several key themes of US technological development before 1940. The presence of a large domestic market, a set of antitrust and regulatory policies that weakened the power of incumbent telecommunications firms, and a diverse private/public research community that was willing to work with both domestic and foreign inventions were important preconditions for US leadership in computer networking innovation.  相似文献   

Elastic waves in heterogeneous bars of varying cross-section     

Paul Gordon  S.C. Sanday 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1977,303(2):129-145

The propagation of elastic waves in a heterogeneous bar of variable cross-sectional area is investigated via use of the method of characteristics andthe Laplace transform technique. The Young's modulus and density are assumed to be representable as either power law or exponential distributions in the axial coordinate. The transform method is used to establish an infinite number of multi-parameter solutions in closed form for either a stress, velocity or displacement type boundary condition. The numerical characteristic computations show excellent agreement when compared to the transform solutions, and are then used to obtain additional solutions not attainable by the transform method. Detailed results and conclusions for a bar of ogival cross-section are given for a wide range of inhomogeneity.  相似文献   

Serum and urinary zinc in zinc miners and zinc smelters     

P. P. Singh  K. H. Komleh  A. K. Pendse  Rajkiran  R. C. Gupta 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1992,7(1):57-59

Serum (200.6±64.8 mg/dl) and urinary zinc (1186.0±265.5 mg/l.) of zinc miners at Zawar were significantly higher as compared to zinc smelter workers (Serum 89.7±9.9. mg/dl; Urine 590.0±32.1 mg/l.). Debari and Udaipur residents (Serum 104.0±18.6 mg/dl; Urine 735.0±180.2 mg/l.). This was most likely attributable to higher dietary zinc intake by zinc miners due to higher zinc content of foodstuffs grown in Zawar areas as compared to Debari and Udaipur.  相似文献   

Evaluation of ovulisa: An indigenous ELISA kit for detection of ovulation     

G. M. Sankolli  M. I. Khatkhatay  M. P. Desai  D. K. Pardhe  P. C. Ishrad  U. M. Joshi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1992,7(1):71-74

Aprototype kit for the detection of occurrence of ovulation based on urinary pregnanediol glucuronide estimations by ELISA was developed in our laboratory. This kit was sent for evaluation at 4 centres in Bombay and Pune, India. The diagnosis of ovulation/anovulation based on the results of the kit is comparable with that based on reference parameters commonly used (ultrasonography of ovarian follicles and serum progesterone estimations). The accuracy of the test was 93.5%, specificity was 87.5% and sensitivity was 95.7%. This rapid indigenous test can be very useful in assessing ovulatory status of the woman by the clinicians in their offices.  相似文献   

Searching for the public: school funding and shifting meanings of ‘the public’ in Australian education     

Jessica Gerrard  Glenn C. Savage  Kate O’Connor 《教育政策杂志》2017,32(4):503-519

School funding is a principal site of policy reform and contestation in the context of broad global shifts towards private- and market-based funding models. These shifts are transforming not only how schools are funded but also the meanings and practices of public education: that is, shifts in what is ‘public’ about schooling. In this paper, we examine the ways in which different articulations of ‘the public’ are brought to bear in contemporary debates surrounding school funding. Taking the Australian Review of Funding for Schooling (the Gonski Report) as our case, we analyse the policy report and its subsequent media coverage to consider what meanings are made concerning the ‘publicness’ of schooling. Our analysis reveals three broad themes of debate in the report and related media coverage: (1) the primacy of ‘procedural politics’ (i.e. the political imperatives and processes associated with public policy negotiations in the Australian federation); (2) changing relations between what is considered public and private; and (3) a connection of government schooling to concerns surrounding equity and a ‘public in need’. We suggest these three themes contour the debates and understandings that surround the ‘publicness’ of education generally, and school funding more specifically.  相似文献   

What parents say about children’s inequality of opportunities: a study in Mauritius     

C. Morabito  E. Carosin 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2017,37(4):423-437

Longitudinal studies showing the beneficial impact of early childhood education on later academic achievement have contributed to persuading policy-makers and academia that early childhood is the best time to address inequalities. However, the voice of parents is often absent from these debates. We investigated the perspectives of parents on children’s inequalities of opportunities and on the role of education and early childhood care in equalising life chances. The study specifically explored the views of 26 parents in the sub-Saharan African country of Mauritius through focus group discussions. Findings of the study suggested that parents tend to adhere to the discourse of parental responsibility as a key factor in children’s inequalities. Yet they also showed that parents have potential to criticise and deconstruct this narrative, as they experience structural circumstances, such as poverty or discrimination, shaping their life opportunities and those of their children.  相似文献   

The postmodern perfectionist,the pragmatic hedonist and the materialist maximalist: understanding high school students’ profile choices towards or away from mathematics,science and technology (MST) fields in the Netherlands     

D. Yazilitas  S. Saharso  G.C. de Vries  J.S. Svensson 《Gender and education》2017,29(7):831-849

This study focuses on high school students’ profile choices and the choice for or against the Nature and Technology (NT) profile in the Netherlands. A mixed-methods approach is used to study cultural values that affect this choice. The quantitative part of the study shows that being female is negatively correlated with the choice for the NT-profile, irrespective of the grade average for mathematics, chemistry and physics. It further shows that students’ ethnic background does not have a significant effect on this choice. The qualitative part of the study reveals that students’ choice processes towards or away from NT can be categorised in three ideal types: the postmodern perfectionist, the pragmatic hedonist and the materialist maximalist. Gender differences appear to be more pervasive across these types than differences in ethnic background.  相似文献   

The brachistochrone     

P. C. Deshmukh  Parth Rajauria  Abiya Rajans  B. R. Vyshakh  Sudipta Dutta 《Resonance》2017,22(9):847-866

The brachistochrone problem posed by Bernoulli and its solution highlights one of the most famous experiments in physics which illustrates the variational principle. This pedagogical study is designed to ignite a classroom discussion on the variational problem. We overview the Euler–Lagrange formalism of the variational principle and obtain the solution to the brachistochrone problem. We demonstrate the success of the variational method using brachistochrone models which were fabricated specially for this purpose.  相似文献   

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Values Aspired for the Future Scale in grandparents     

C. Noriega  C. Velasco  J. Lopez 《Educational gerontology》2017,43(5):248-258

Although the engagement of grandparents in grandchildren’s life has increased, there is a lack of research that explores the values that grandparents desire to transmit to their grandchildren. The aim of this study was to analyze the factor structure, the validity, and the reliability of the Values Aspired for the Future Scale in a sample of grandparents. Three hundred grandparents participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-factor structure with an excellent overall fit: personal and relationship values, abilities and knowledge values, and materialistic values. Grandparents’ sex did not have a moderating effect on the factor structure. An adequate internal consistency was obtained. Signi?cant associations between values, health-related quality of life, social support, and psychological well-being were found, with the exception of the materialistic values. This scale should be tested in different cultural contexts in order to confirm the results found. The implications of the results are discussed.  相似文献   

Learning through South–South development: Cuban-African partnerships in sport and physical education     

Simon C. Darnell  Robert Huish 《Compare》2017,47(2):286-299

Since the 1990s, Cuba has offered scholarships to students from low-resource countries to attend the Escuela Internacional de Educación Física y Deporte (EIEFD) for a six-year degree in sport, physical education, and coaching. Drawing on the experiences of EIEFD graduates from four Southern African countries (Zambia, South Africa, Mozambique, and Lesotho) the authors discuss the meanings that this South–South cooperation through education holds for international students and for the self-sufficiency of sport and physical-education systems within partner countries. The authors also show that upon returning home, many EIEFD graduates are left to negotiate insular job markets and inconsistent domestic commitments to public sport and physical education. The implications for South–South development through international education, and the place of sport and physical education therein, are discussed.  相似文献